PATIENT EDUCATION

Dental Glossary

Patient-friendly definitions of common dental terms — written and reviewed by the doctors at Lakeview Family Dentistry.

Dental terminology can be confusing. We've put together this growing glossary to help you understand the terms you might hear at the dentist's office or read in your treatment plan. Each entry is written for patients — not other dentists — and is reviewed by our doctors to ensure accuracy.

Common Conditions

Cavity

A cavity is a permanently damaged area in the hard surface of a tooth that develops into a tiny hole or opening. Cavities are caused by a combination of factors, including bacteria, frequent snacking, sipping sugary drinks, and inadequate cleaning of teeth.

Common Conditions

Dental Caries

Dental caries is the clinical and scientific name for the disease process that creates cavities. It refers to the bacterial breakdown of tooth structure caused by acid produced when oral bacteria metabolize sugars and carbohydrates.

Common Conditions

Gingivitis

Gingivitis is the earliest and most common form of gum disease. It causes inflammation, swelling, and bleeding of the gums but does not yet affect the bone or supporting structures of the teeth. Unlike more advanced gum disease, gingivitis is fully reversible with proper treatment.

Common Conditions

Periodontitis

Periodontitis is a serious gum infection that damages the soft tissue and, without treatment, destroys the bone that supports your teeth. It is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults and has been linked to several systemic health conditions including heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.

Restorative Procedures

Dental Crown

A dental crown, sometimes called a cap, is a tooth-shaped restoration that covers and replaces the entire visible portion of a damaged tooth. Crowns restore strength, function, and appearance to teeth that are too damaged for a simple filling.

Cosmetic Procedures

Teeth Whitening

Teeth whitening is a cosmetic dental procedure that lightens the color of teeth and removes stains. Professional whitening uses concentrated bleaching agents — primarily hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide — to break down stain molecules within the tooth structure and reveal a noticeably brighter smile.

Preventative Care

Plaque

Dental plaque is a soft, sticky, colorless film of bacteria that constantly forms on your teeth. When not removed by regular brushing and flossing, plaque is the primary cause of cavities and gum disease.

Preventative Care

Tartar

Tartar, also known as dental calculus, is hardened plaque that has accumulated on teeth. Once plaque mineralizes into tartar, it can no longer be removed by brushing or flossing — professional dental cleaning is required.

Tooth Anatomy

Enamel

Enamel is the hard, white outer layer that covers the visible portion of each tooth. It's the hardest substance in the human body, even harder than bone. Enamel protects teeth from the daily wear of chewing, biting, and exposure to acidic and sugary foods.

Restorative Procedures

Filling

A dental filling is a restoration used to repair a tooth damaged by decay (a cavity), fracture, or wear. After removing the damaged portion of the tooth, the dentist fills the resulting space with a restorative material to restore the tooth's shape, function, and integrity.

Don't see what you're looking for?

Our glossary is growing. If you have a question about a term that isn't here, ask any of our doctors at your next visit, or call us at (727) 863-9669.