PREVENTATIVE CARE
Plaque
Dental plaque is a soft, sticky, colorless film of bacteria that constantly forms on your teeth. When not removed by regular brushing and flossing, plaque is the primary cause of cavities and gum disease.
(PLAK)
Also known as: Dental plaque, Biofilm
This article is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Consult Dr. Durrett, Dr. Wilson, Dr. Danielle Durrett, or Dr. Vasconez for diagnosis and treatment specific to your situation.
Quick Facts
- alsoCalled:
- Dental plaque, biofilm
- primaryCause:
- Bacteria combining with food particles and saliva
- removal:
- Brushing twice daily, flossing daily, regular dental cleanings
- ifLeftUntreated:
- Hardens into tartar; leads to cavities and gum disease
Overview
Plaque is one of the most common health issues you'll never see — at least not without help. It's the sticky, colorless film of bacteria that constantly forms on your teeth and along your gumline. Everyone develops plaque continuously throughout the day. The key isn't preventing it from forming, which is impossible, but removing it consistently before it causes problems. Plaque is the primary culprit behind both cavities and gum disease, making its daily removal one of the most important things you can do for your oral health.
How plaque forms
Plaque formation is a continuous process that begins within minutes of cleaning your teeth. First, a thin layer of proteins from saliva coats the tooth surface — this is called the acquired pellicle. Within hours, oral bacteria begin attaching to this protein layer. The bacteria multiply rapidly and form a complex community called a biofilm. As the biofilm matures, it incorporates food particles, more bacteria, and substances the bacteria produce. The bacteria feed on sugars and carbohydrates from food and drinks, producing acid as a waste product. This acid is what damages tooth enamel and causes cavities. The bacteria also produce toxins that irritate gum tissue, causing inflammation and gum disease. Without disruption from brushing and flossing, plaque grows progressively thicker and more harmful.
Removing plaque
Plaque is soft when it first forms and easily removed by mechanical action — that's what brushing and flossing accomplish. Brush at least twice daily for two minutes with a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste. Pay special attention to the gumline where plaque accumulates most. Floss at least once daily to remove plaque from between teeth where a toothbrush can't reach. Some people benefit from antimicrobial mouth rinses that reduce bacterial counts. Disclosing tablets or solutions, which temporarily stain plaque a bright color, can help you identify areas you're missing. Professional cleanings at Lakeview Family Dentistry remove plaque (and the tartar it becomes) from areas you can't reach at home. Most people benefit from cleanings every six months, though those at higher risk for gum disease may need more frequent visits.
What happens when plaque isn't removed
Plaque that isn't removed within 24 to 72 hours begins to harden into tartar (also called calculus). Tartar bonds firmly to tooth surfaces and cannot be removed by brushing or flossing — only professional cleaning can eliminate it. Tartar provides a rough surface where new plaque accumulates more easily, accelerating disease. Plaque and tartar near the gumline trigger gingivitis, the earliest stage of gum disease. If still untreated, gingivitis progresses to periodontitis, which damages the bone supporting your teeth. Plaque on tooth surfaces produces acid that demineralizes enamel and creates cavities. Plaque buildup also causes persistent bad breath. The simplest way to avoid all of these problems is consistent daily plaque removal.
References & Further Reading
Medically reviewed by the doctors at Lakeview Family Dentistry.
Last reviewed: 2026-05-12