RESTORATIVE PROCEDURES
Filling
A dental filling is a restoration used to repair a tooth damaged by decay (a cavity), fracture, or wear. After removing the damaged portion of the tooth, the dentist fills the resulting space with a restorative material to restore the tooth's shape, function, and integrity.
(FIL-ing)
Also known as: Dental filling, Restoration
This article is for educational purposes and is not medical advice. Consult Dr. Durrett, Dr. Wilson, Dr. Danielle Durrett, or Dr. Vasconez for diagnosis and treatment specific to your situation.
Quick Facts
- alsoCalled:
- Dental filling, restoration
- primaryUse:
- Repairing cavities and minor tooth damage
- commonMaterials:
- Composite resin (tooth-colored), amalgam (silver), gold, ceramic
- procedureLength:
- Typically 20 to 60 minutes per filling
- lifespan:
- Composite: 5 to 15 years; amalgam: 10 to 20 years
Overview
Dental fillings are one of the most common dental procedures performed worldwide. They're the standard treatment for cavities and are used millions of times each year to save teeth that would otherwise be lost to decay. The procedure has evolved considerably over the past few decades. Modern fillings are typically tooth-colored composite resin that blends seamlessly with natural tooth structure, replacing the silver amalgam fillings that dominated dentistry for over 150 years. Lakeview Family Dentistry uses the latest filling materials and techniques to restore your teeth with results that look as good as they perform.
When you need a filling
The most common reason for a filling is to treat a cavity. After cleaning out the decayed tooth material, the resulting space must be filled to restore the tooth's strength and prevent further problems. Fillings are also used to repair minor fractures or chips, to repair teeth worn down by grinding or aggressive brushing, and to replace old fillings that have failed or become discolored. For minor damage, a filling is the simplest and most conservative treatment option. For larger damage, the dentist may recommend an inlay, onlay, or crown instead, as these provide more strength and longevity for teeth with significant structural loss.
Types of fillings
Several materials are used for fillings, each with advantages and disadvantages. Composite resin fillings are the most common type used today. They're tooth-colored, making them virtually invisible. They bond directly to tooth structure, allowing the dentist to preserve more healthy tooth material. They can be used on both front and back teeth. Composite fillings typically last five to fifteen years and may cost more than amalgam, though most insurance covers them. Amalgam fillings (often called silver fillings) are a mixture of silver, tin, copper, and mercury. They've been used for over 150 years and have an exceptional track record for durability — typically lasting 10 to 20 years. They're generally less expensive than composite. The metallic appearance makes them less aesthetically pleasing, so they're usually reserved for back teeth that are less visible. Some patients have concerns about mercury content in amalgam, though major dental organizations and health authorities consider it safe. Gold fillings are exceptionally durable, can last 20 to 30 years or more, and are very gentle on opposing teeth. They're significantly more expensive than other options and require multiple appointments. Their gold color limits them to back teeth in most cases. Ceramic and porcelain fillings (often as inlays or onlays) provide excellent aesthetics and durability. They resist staining and wear well. They're more expensive than composite and require multiple appointments. Glass ionomer fillings release fluoride, which helps prevent additional decay. They're often used for fillings below the gumline, fillings in children's primary teeth, and as cement under other types of fillings. They're not as durable as composite or amalgam and are typically used in low-stress areas.
The filling procedure
A typical filling procedure takes 20 to 60 minutes per tooth. The dentist administers local anesthesia to numb the tooth and surrounding area. Most patients feel pressure but no pain during the procedure. The decayed or damaged tooth material is removed using a dental drill, laser, or air abrasion. The cavity is cleaned to remove all bacteria and debris. If the cavity is deep, a liner of glass ionomer or composite resin may be placed to protect the nerve. The filling material is placed in the prepared cavity. Composite fillings are placed in layers and hardened with a special curing light. Amalgam fillings are packed into the cavity and harden naturally. The dentist shapes the filling to match the natural contours of the tooth. The filling is polished and the bite is checked to ensure the filling doesn't interfere with normal chewing. After numbness wears off (typically two to four hours), some patients experience mild sensitivity that resolves within a few days.
Aftercare and longevity
Caring for a filled tooth is the same as caring for natural teeth. Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste, floss daily, and visit Lakeview Family Dentistry every six months for cleanings and exams. Avoid biting hard objects, as fillings can fracture just like natural teeth. If you grind your teeth at night, wear a night guard. With proper care, fillings can last many years, but they don't last forever. Fillings may need replacement if they crack or chip, if the seal between filling and tooth fails, allowing bacteria to enter, or if decay develops around the edges. Watch for signs that a filling may need attention: sharp pain when biting, persistent sensitivity, visible cracks in the filling, or rough edges you can feel with your tongue. Contact your dentist promptly if you notice any of these symptoms.
References & Further Reading
Medically reviewed by the doctors at Lakeview Family Dentistry.
Last reviewed: 2026-05-12